BZ-4

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Inscription
Transliteration:	pevaśniχesiupikuθiuθisaχvilipiperisnaθi
Original script:
Object:	BZ-4 fragment (bronze)
Position:	neck, inside
Frame:	(none, top and bottom, none)
Script:	North Italic script (Sanzeno alphabet)
Direction of writing:	sinistroverse
Letter height:	1.21.2 cm <br /> – 1.8 cm
Number of letters:	39
Number of lines:	1
Craftsmanship:	engraved
Current condition:	complete, damaged
Date of inscription:
Date derived from:
Language:	Raetic
Meaning:	'(?) to/by/for (Peva)Śniχe X-ed as a gift to/of Tiuti ?' (?)
Alternative sigla:	PID 192 LIR BZ-4
Sources:	Schumacher 2004: 179

Images

Inscription BZ-4.	Object BZ-4 fragment with inscription BZ-4.	Object BZ-4 fragment with inscription BZ-4.	Object BZ-4 fragment with inscription BZ-4.	Object BZ-4 fragment with inscription BZ-4.
Object BZ-4 fragment with inscription BZ-4.

Commentary

First published in Conestabile 1863: 40 f. Autopsied by TIR in April 2014.

Pictures in Conestabile 1863: Pl. 1,4 (drawing), CII: Tab. VI,60 (drawing), Corssen 1874: 937 (drawing), AIF I: Taf. II (33) (drawing = Marstrander 1927: 24, Fig. 20) and LIR (drawing).

Neatly executed apart from the first , where the writer started with a hasta, then erased the lower part with tiny scratches and added the lower angle – this lapse is probably responsible for the first being oriented against the direction of writing. The fragment is broken along the first hasta of in aχvil and has a crack along the final , but both letters are legible unambiguously. Two lines border the inscription top and bottom; the fact that they are scratched, somewhat untidily, in steps, and more slightly than the inscription, indicates that they are not meant as an ornamental frame, but were made for guidance.

An alternative reading was suggested by Marstrander 1927: 23 f. Assuming that the sequence conventionally read ]perisna[ could be identified with þerisna on the Vače helmet, he argued that the character must in all four instances be read . The presence of he explained by separating the sequences containing the latter from the text and interpreting them as non-phonetic, as on the Negau helmet B. He read tevaśniχesiutiku saχvilititerisna . Marstrander's observations concerning the execution of letters with scratches meeting on top are not decisive: While it is true that and with the bars pretty consistently crossing the hasta may be counted out, and the other letters (, , , ) are scratched with tidy angles, the hasta and bar of never cross below the drawn line, and the bar does not extend significantly to the other side of the hasta. Compare, however, uθiku with a dental in the stem on VR-3 and Þ for a discussion of labial vs. dental in Raetic inscriptions.

Following the reading going back to Pauli (no. 33), the only two forms which can be identified without doubt are upiku and aχvil. pevaśniχesi features a pertinentive ending -si, which indicates a personal name. While the lenght of the sequence allows for further segmentation, the separation into an individual name peva plus śniχesi is unlikely both because of the unusual auslaut of the individual name and the lack of a patronymic suffix in the second name. Rix (p. 31 f.) segments like this, but interprets peva as a substantive. Rix further identifies a genitive tiutis dependent on aχvil 'gift of/to Tiuti', with a parallel on PA-1 ataris akvil. The sequence after aχvil he interprets as a locative syntagma ipi perisnati. If -na is the prevalent derivational suffix, the ending -ti is obscure. Mayr 1960c refers to pipe on BZ-11 (Vetter 1943: 80), suggesting a segmentation pipe risnati, which would leave the first i as a suffix belonging to aχvil.

Further references: CII 60, Corssen 1874: 937 ff (no. 33), Pichler 1880: 41 (no.4), Oberziner 1883: 175 f. (?), AIF I 33, Deecke 1886: 63 f. Meyer 1901: 7, Torp 1906: 10 ff., Pisani 1935: 95, Vetter 1943: 80, Battisti 1944: 225 f., Kretschmer 1943: 200, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 227 f.

An excellent copy of the inscription can be seen on BZ-4 copy in the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum.

Bibliography

AIF I	Carl Pauli, Altitalische Forschungen. Band 1: Die Inschriften nordetruskischen Alphabets, Leipzig: 1885.
Battisti 1944	Carlo Battisti, "Osservazioni sulla lingua delle iscrizioni nell'alfabeto etrusco settentrionale di Bolzano", Studi Etruschi 18 (1944), 199–236.
CII	Ariodante Fabretti, Corpus inscriptionum italicarum, Torino: 1867. (2 volumes)
Conestabile 1863	Giancarlo Conestabile, Second spicilegium de quelques monuments écrits ou épigraphes des Étrusques. Musées de Londres, de Berlin, de Manheim, de La Haye, de Paris, de Pérouse (Italie), Paris: Librairie Académique - Didier et Cie 1863.
Corssen 1874	Wilhelm Paul Corssen, Ueber die Sprache der Etrusker. Band 1, Leipzig: 1874.
Deecke 1886	Wilhelm Deecke, "–", review of: Carl Pauli, Altitalische Forschungen. Band 1: Die Inschriften nordetruskischen Alphabets, Leipzig: 1885, Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen 2 (1886), 49–70.
Kretschmer 1943	Paul Kretschmer, "Die vorgriechischen Sprach- und Volksschichten (Fortsetzung)", Glotta 30 (1943), 84–218.
LIR	Alberto Mancini, Le Iscrizioni Retiche [= Quaderni del dipartimento di linguistica, Università degli studi di Firenze Studi 8–9], Padova: Unipress 2009–10. (2 volumes)
Marstrander 1927	Carl Johan Sverdrup Marstrander, "Remarques sur les inscriptions des casques en bronze de Negau et de Watsch", Avhandlinger utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Hist.-filos. klasse 1926/2 (1927), 1–26.