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{{inscription
{{inscription
|reading=pitaunesi!pitauṇesi kaszrinuale!kaszrinụale unknown!t[
|reading=pitaunesi!pitauṇesi kaszrinuale!kaszrinụale unknown!t[
|reading_original=]{{c|T}}{{c|E}}{{c|L}}{{c|A|A19}}{{c|U}}{{c|N}}{{c|I}}{{c|R}}{{c|Z}}{{c|S}}{{c|A|A19}}{{c|K|K4}}{{c|I}}{{c|S}}{{c|E}}{{c|N}}{{c|U|U5}}{{c|A|A19}}{{c|T}}{{c|I}}{{c|P|P3}}
|reading_original=]{{c|T}}{{c|E}}{{c|L}}{{c|A|A14}}{{c|U}}{{c|N}}{{c|I}}{{c|R}}{{c|Z}}{{c|S||d}}{{c|A|A14}}{{c|K|K4}}{{c|I}}{{c|S||d}}{{c|E}}{{c|N}}{{c|U|U5}}{{c|A|A14}}{{c|T}}{{c|I}}{{c|P|P3}}
|reading_variant={{w|ritauiesi}}[[index::kaszrinuale|kaszrinu&#x0323;ale]]<br>]{{c||T}}{{c||E}}{{c||L}}{{c||A19}}{{c||U}}{{c||N}}{{c||I}}{{c||R}}{{c||Z}}{{c||S}}{{c||A19}}{{c||K4}}{{c||I}}{{c||S}}{{c||E}}{{c|I}}{{c||U5}}{{c||A19}}{{c||T}}{{c||I}}{{c|R}}
|reading_variant={{w|ritauiesi}}[[index::kaszrinuale|kaszrinu&#x0323;ale]]t[<br>]{{c||T}}{{c||E}}{{c||L}}{{c||A14}}{{c||U}}{{c||N}}{{c||I}}{{c||R}}{{c||Z}}{{c||S|d}}{{c||A14}}{{c||K4}}{{c||I}}{{c||S|d}}{{c||E}}{{c|I}}{{c||U5}}{{c||A14}}{{c||T}}{{c||I}}{{c||R}}
|direction=sinistroverse
|direction=sinistroverse
|letter_height_min=8
|letter_height_min=8
Line 11: Line 11:
|line_number=1
|line_number=1
|script=North Italic script
|script=North Italic script
|alphabet=Magrè alphabet
|language=Raetic
|language=Raetic
|meaning='of/by X Kastrinu'
|meaning='of/by Pitaun<sup>?</sup>e Kastrinu'
|object=ST rock
|object=ST rock
|position=right-hand side
|position=right
|orientation=90
|orientation=90
|frame_left=unknown
|frame_left=unknown
|frame_middle=top and bottom
|frame_middle=top and bottom
|frame_right=none
|craftsmanship=engraved
|craftsmanship=engraved
|condition=damaged
|condition=damaged
|culture_archaeological=La Tène
|culture_archaeological=La Tène
|sortdate=-250
|sortdate=-250
|date=5th–1st centuries BC
|date=5<sup>th</sup>–1<sup>st</sup> centuries BC
|sigla_ir=107
|sigla_ir=107
|sigla_mancini=STN-2
|sigla_mancini=STN-2
|sigla_tm=218559
|source=Schumacher 2004: 191, 223 f., 342 ff.
|source=Schumacher 2004: 191, 223 f., 342 ff.
|checklevel=5
|checklevel=1
|problem=nicht autopsiert; Alphabet; Thematisierung der Dentale; rit-/pit- -> Wortseite? Stefan Etymologie
|problem=neue Literatur
}}
}}
== Commentary ==
== Commentary ==
First published in {{bib|Vetter 1957}}.
First published in {{bib|Vetter 1957}}.


Images in {{bib|Vetter 1957}}: Taf. VI (photos = {{bib|Mayr 1960}}: Abb. 2 and 3), {{bib|Prosdocimi 1971}}: 35 (drawing = {{bib|Schumacher 1992}}: Taf. 8,2), {{bib|Joppich 1971}}: 41 (drawing), {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}: Fig. 1 (drawing), Fig. 2 and 3 (photos), {{bib|Schumacher 2004}}: Taf. 18 (drawing) and {{bib|Mandl 2011}}: Abb. 1, 130, 131 (photos). Numerous casts have been made of the Steinberg inscriptions; positives of the most recent one, made by the Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Innsbruck in 1993, can be seen at the [[index::Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum]] and the [[index::Archäologische Staatssammlung München]]. Drawings of the arrangement of the inscriptions in {{bib|Vetter 1957}}: 386, {{bib|Prosdocimi 1971}}: 30, {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}: Fig. 15 and {{bib|Schumacher 2002}}: 1276 (= {{bib|Schumacher 2004}}: Taf 8,1); photos of the wall in {{bib|Sydow 1989}}: Abb. 6, {{bib|Gleirscher 1991}}: Abb. 3 and {{bib|Mandl 2011}}: Abb. 133.
Images in {{bib|Vetter 1957}}: Taf. VI (photos = {{bib|Mayr 1960}}: Abb. 2 and 3), {{bib|Prosdocimi 1971}}: 35 (drawing = {{bib|Schumacher 1992}}: Taf. 8,2 = {{bib|Schmeja 1996}}: Abb. 3), {{bib|Joppich 1971}}: 41 (drawing), {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}: Fig. 1 (drawing), Fig. 2 and 3 (photos), {{bib|Schumacher 2004}}: Taf. 18 (drawing) and {{bib|Mandl 2011}}: Abb. 1, 130, 131 (photos). Numerous casts have been made of the Steinberg inscriptions; positives of the most recent one, made by the Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Innsbruck in 1993, can be seen at the [[index::Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum]] and the [[index::Archäologische Staatssammlung München]]. Drawings of the arrangement of the inscriptions in {{bib|Vetter 1957}}: 386, {{bib|Prosdocimi 1971}}: 30, {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}: Fig. 15 and {{bib|Schumacher 2002}}: 1276 (= {{bib|Schumacher 2004}}: Taf 8,1); photos of the wall in {{bib|Sydow 1989}}: Abb. 6, {{bib|Gleirscher 1991}}: Abb. 3 and {{bib|Mandl 2011}}: Abb. 133.


Length about 79 cm, running towards the ground; today the end is about 1.5 m from the ground. Situated on the right-hand side just behind the entrance to the crevice, the middle one of a group of three; well legible despite some erosion. Our reading follows {{bib|Schumacher 2004}}: 345 ff. and 351 ff. The first letter is generally read {{c||R}}, but compare the first letter in [[index::IT-4]] and [[index::IT-8]] which can be argued to be a Venetoid form of Pi {{c||P4}}. See also {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}: 49 f. {{c||U5}}{{c||A19}}{{c||T}}{{c||I}}, including the Upsilon, are unambiguous. Of the sixth letter, only a hasta, curving in imitation of the second line of {{c||U5}} (cp. the final parts of the three inscriptions), is clearly visible. The hasta of following {{c||E}} is straight again, leaving some room in the upper area between the two hastae, in which the angle of an {{c||N}} may be detected. (Cp. {{bib|Joppich 1971|Joppich}}, who read {{w||ritaunesi}}.) A name {{w||pitaune}} is not attested elsewhere, but cp. {{w||piθamne|pitam/ne}}. {{bib|Rix 1998}}: 10 suggests {{w||pitalie}}, cp. {{w||piθale}} on [[index::MA-9]], but this would mean a writing mistake (prolonged bar of {{c||L}} → {{c||U5}}) and fail to explain the straightness of {{c||E}}. {{c||U}} in {{c||E}}{{c||L}}{{c||A19}}{{c||U}}{{c||N}} is hardly visible, but see {{bib|Schumacher 2004}}: 346 f. The straight hasta of {{c||A19}} is a prolongation of that of {{c||U5}} in [[index::ST-1]]. The hasta of {{c||L}} is executed as a curve following the rounded second hasta of {{c||A19}}.
Length about 79 cm, running towards the ground; today the last letter is about 1.5 m from the ground. Situated on the right-hand side just behind the entrance to the crevice, the middle one of a group of three; well legible despite some erosion. Our reading follows {{bib|Schumacher 2004}}: 345 ff. and 351 ff., who assigned the correct values to the letters lambda and upsilon (as, independently, did {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}). The first letter is read {{c||R}} by Schumacher, but the lower bar does clearly not touch the hasta, so that the letter is better identified as pi with a large pocket {{c||P3}} as typical for North Tyrol (see [[index::P]]). See also {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}: 49 f. The next four letters {{c||U5}}{{c||A14}}{{c||T}}{{c||I}}, including upsilon, are unambiguous. Of the sixth letter, only a hasta, curving in imitation of the oblique hasta of {{c||U5}} (cf. the final parts of the three inscriptions), is clearly visible. The hasta of following {{c||E}} is straight again, leaving some room in the upper area between the two hastae, in which the angle of nu {{c||N}} may be detected. (Cf. {{bib|Joppich 1971|Joppich}}, who read {{w||ritaunesi}}.) A name {{w||pitaune}} is not attested elsewhere, but cf. {{w||piθam(n)e}}? {{bib|Rix 1998}}: 10 suggests {{w||pitalie}}, cf. {{w||piθale}} on [[index::MA-9]], but this would mean a writing mistake (prolonged bar of {{c||L}} → {{c||U5}}) and fail to explain the straightness of {{c||E}}. {{c||U}} in {{c||E}}{{c||L}}{{c||A14}}{{c||U}}{{c||N}} is hardly visible, but see {{bib|Schumacher 2004}}: 346 f. The straight hasta of {{c||A14}} is a prolongation of that of {{c||U5}} in [[index::ST-1]]. The hasta of {{c||L}} is executed as a curve following the rounded second hasta of {{c||A14}}.


The sequence can be segmented into a typical two-part Raetic name in the pertinentive case. The inscription belongs with [[index::ST-1]], but appears to be written in a different hand: The letters are taller, the bars of Kappa are rounded, and the name {{w||kastrie-|Kastrie}} is spelled with {{c||Z}}, a letter which is here classified as a form of Zeta, but which might also be considered a graphic variant of the Tau used in [[index::ST-1]]. For details see [[index::Script]]. It ought to be mentioned that the upper bar of {{c||Z}} is much fainter than the lower one (but cp. the respective letter in [[index::SZ-3]]); note also that {{bib|Zavaroni 2004|Zavaroni}} (p. 50) reads {{c||Z}} instead of {{c||T}} also in [[index::ST-1]]. The last letter {{c||T}} enjoys a somewhat doubtful status – while it is not improbable that the writer added maybe a verb to his inscription, the bar might not be intentional and the vertical line part of the cartouche. Any continuation of the inscription must be lost as the surface of the rock in the area beneath it was chipped and evened to add another petrograph in more recent times. The line drawn under the inscription has subsequently been prolonged and recycled as part of a cross.     
The sequence can be segmented into a two-part Raetic name formula in the pertinentive case. The inscription belongs with [[index::ST-1]], but appears to be written in a different hand: The letters are taller, the bars of kappa are rounded, and the name ''kastrie'' is spelled with {{c||Z}}, a letter which is here classified as a form of zeta, but which might also be considered a graphic variant of tau used in [[index::ST-1]]. For details see [[index::Script]]. It ought to be mentioned that the upper bar of {{c||Z}} is much fainter than the lower one (but cf. the respective letter in [[index::SZ-3]]); note also that {{bib|Zavaroni 2004|Zavaroni}} (p. 50) reads {{c||Z}} instead of {{c||T}} also in [[index::ST-1]]. Though its hasta could theoretically be part of the cartouche, the last letter {{c||T}} including the bar seems quite clear and may be the remains of a third word (a verb?); any continuation of the inscription must be lost as the surface of the rock in the area beneath it was chipped and evened to add another petrograph in more recent times. The line drawn under the inscription has subsequently been prolonged and recycled as part of a cross.     


Further references: {{bib|Mayr 1958b}}, {{bib|Mayr 1960}}: 309 f., {{bib|Pisani 1964}}: 137 bis, {{bib|Prosdocimi 1971}}: 35, 45 incl. {{bib|Joppich 1971}}: 41, {{bib|Schürr 1975}}: 606, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 232, {{bib|Sydow 1989}}: 70 ff., {{bib|Schürr 2001}}: 215 f., {{bib|Schumacher 2002}}: 1276 ff., {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}: 50 ff.
Further references: {{bib|Mayr 1958b}}, {{bib|Mayr 1960}}: 309 f., {{bib|Pisani 1964}}: 137 bis, {{bib|Prosdocimi 1971}}: 35, 45 incl. {{bib|Joppich 1971}}: 41, {{bib|Schürr 1975}}: 606, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 232, {{bib|Sydow 1989}}: 70 ff., {{bib|Schmeja 1996}}: 16 f., {{bib|Schürr 2001}}: 215 f., {{bib|Schumacher 2002}}: 1276 ff., {{bib|Zavaroni 2004}}: 50 ff.
{{bibliography}}
{{bibliography}}

Latest revision as of 20:32, 8 November 2021

edit with form
Inscription
Transliteration: pitauṇesikaszrinụalet[
Original script: ]T sE sL sA14 sU sN sI sR sZ sS dA14 sK4 sI sS dE sN sU5 sA14 sT sI sP3 s
Variant Reading: ritauiesikaszrinụalet[
]T sE sL sA14 sU sN sI sR sZ sS dA14 sK4 sI sS dE sI sU5 sA14 sT sI sR s
Object: ST rock (stone)
(Inscriptions: ST-1, ST-2, ST-3, ST-4, ST-5, ST-6, ST-7, ST-8, ST-9)
Position: right
Orientation: 90°
Frame: ?Frame middle: top and bottomFrame middle: top and bottom   (unknown, top and bottom, )
Script: North Italic script (Magrè alphabet)
Direction of writing: sinistroverse
Letter height: 88 cm <br /> – 11 cm
Number of letters: 20 – 21
Number of lines: 1
Craftsmanship: engraved
Current condition: damaged
Archaeological culture: La Tène
Date of inscription: 5th–1st centuries BC
Date derived from:
Language: Raetic
Meaning: 'of/by Pitaun?e Kastrinu'
Alternative sigla: IR 107
LIR STN-2
TM 218559
Sources: Schumacher 2004: 191, 223 f., 342 ff.

Images

ST-1, ST-2, ST-3
Inscriptions ST-1, ST-2, ST-3.

Commentary

First published in Vetter 1957.

Images in Vetter 1957: Taf. VI (photos = Mayr 1960: Abb. 2 and 3), Prosdocimi 1971: 35 (drawing = Schumacher 1992: Taf. 8,2 = Schmeja 1996: Abb. 3), Joppich 1971: 41 (drawing), Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 1 (drawing), Fig. 2 and 3 (photos), Schumacher 2004: Taf. 18 (drawing) and Mandl 2011: Abb. 1, 130, 131 (photos). Numerous casts have been made of the Steinberg inscriptions; positives of the most recent one, made by the Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Innsbruck in 1993, can be seen at the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum and the Archäologische Staatssammlung München. Drawings of the arrangement of the inscriptions in Vetter 1957: 386, Prosdocimi 1971: 30, Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 15 and Schumacher 2002: 1276 (= Schumacher 2004: Taf 8,1); photos of the wall in Sydow 1989: Abb. 6, Gleirscher 1991: Abb. 3 and Mandl 2011: Abb. 133.

Length about 79 cm, running towards the ground; today the last letter is about 1.5 m from the ground. Situated on the right-hand side just behind the entrance to the crevice, the middle one of a group of three; well legible despite some erosion. Our reading follows Schumacher 2004: 345 ff. and 351 ff., who assigned the correct values to the letters lambda and upsilon (as, independently, did Zavaroni 2004). The first letter is read R s by Schumacher, but the lower bar does clearly not touch the hasta, so that the letter is better identified as pi with a large pocket P3 s as typical for North Tyrol (see P). See also Zavaroni 2004: 49 f. The next four letters U5 sA14 sT sI s, including upsilon, are unambiguous. Of the sixth letter, only a hasta, curving in imitation of the oblique hasta of U5 s (cf. the final parts of the three inscriptions), is clearly visible. The hasta of following E s is straight again, leaving some room in the upper area between the two hastae, in which the angle of nu N s may be detected. (Cf. Joppich, who read ritaunesi.) A name pitaune is not attested elsewhere, but cf. piθam(n)e? Rix 1998: 10 suggests pitalie, cf. piθale on MA-9, but this would mean a writing mistake (prolonged bar of L s → U5 s) and fail to explain the straightness of E s. U s in E sL sA14 sU sN s is hardly visible, but see Schumacher 2004: 346 f. The straight hasta of A14 s is a prolongation of that of U5 s in ST-1. The hasta of L s is executed as a curve following the rounded second hasta of A14 s.

The sequence can be segmented into a two-part Raetic name formula in the pertinentive case. The inscription belongs with ST-1, but appears to be written in a different hand: The letters are taller, the bars of kappa are rounded, and the name kastrie is spelled with Z s, a letter which is here classified as a form of zeta, but which might also be considered a graphic variant of tau used in ST-1. For details see Script. It ought to be mentioned that the upper bar of Z s is much fainter than the lower one (but cf. the respective letter in SZ-3); note also that Zavaroni (p. 50) reads Z s instead of T s also in ST-1. Though its hasta could theoretically be part of the cartouche, the last letter T s including the bar seems quite clear and may be the remains of a third word (a verb?); any continuation of the inscription must be lost as the surface of the rock in the area beneath it was chipped and evened to add another petrograph in more recent times. The line drawn under the inscription has subsequently been prolonged and recycled as part of a cross.

Further references: Mayr 1958b, Mayr 1960: 309 f., Pisani 1964: 137 bis, Prosdocimi 1971: 35, 45 incl. Joppich 1971: 41, Schürr 1975: 606, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 232, Sydow 1989: 70 ff., Schmeja 1996: 16 f., Schürr 2001: 215 f., Schumacher 2002: 1276 ff., Zavaroni 2004: 50 ff.

Bibliography

Gleirscher 1991 Paul Gleirscher, Die Räter, Chur: Rätisches Museum 1991.
IR Alberto Mancini, "Iscrizioni retiche", Studi Etruschi 43 (1975), 249–306.
Joppich 1971 Julius Joppich, "Anhang. Tonabdruck und Korrektur zur Lesung der Felsinschriften nach Emil Vetter", in: Wolfgang Meid, Hermann M. Ölberg, Hans Schmeja (Eds), Studien zur Namenkunde und Sprachgeographie. Festschrift für Karl Finsterwalder zum 70. Geburtstag [= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft 16], Innsbruck: 1971, 41–44.
LIR Alberto Mancini, Le Iscrizioni Retiche [= Quaderni del dipartimento di linguistica, Università degli studi di Firenze Studi 8–9], Padova: Unipress 2009–10. (2 volumes)
Mandl 2011 Franz Mandl, Felsbilder. Österreich – Bayern: Nördliche Kalkalpen [= Anisa – Verein für alpine Forschung 4], Haus im Ennstal: 2011.
Mayr 1958b Karl M. Mayr, "-", review of: Emil Vetter, "Die vorrömischen Felsinschriften von Steinberg in Nordtirol", Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jg. 1957, Nr. 24 (1957), 384–398, Der Schlern 32 (1958), 303–304.
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