ST-4

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Inscription
Transliteration:	ạzileθ̣aθiṿ·nuale
Original script:
Object:	ST rock (stone) (Inscriptions: ST-1, ST-2, ST-3, ST-4, ST-5, ST-6, ST-7, ST-8, ST-9)
Position:	lower area"lower area" is not in the list (front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, neck, shoulder, foot, handle, ...) of allowed values for the "position" property.
Orientation:	0°
Script:	North Italic script
Direction of writing:	sinistroverse
Letter height:	99 cm <br /> – 11 cm
Number of letters:	15
Number of characters:	16
Number of lines:	1
Craftsmanship:	engraved
Current condition:	damaged
Archaeological culture:	La Tène
Date of inscription:	5th–1st centuries BC
Date derived from:
Language:	Raetic
Meaning:	'of/by Azile Θaθivnu'
Alternative sigla:	IR 109 LIR STN-4
Sources:	Schumacher 2004: 192, 225 f., 342 ff.

Images

Inscriptions ST-4, ST-9.

Commentary

First published in Vetter 1957.

Pictures in Vetter 1957: Taf. VI (photo = Mayr 1960: Abb. 2), Prosdocimi 1971: 36 (drawing = Schumacher 1992: Taf. 8,3), Joppich 1971: 42 (drawing), Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 4 and 5 (photos/drawing) and Schumacher 2004: Taf. 19 (drawing). Numerous casts have been made of the Steinberg inscriptions; positives of the most recent one, made by the Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Innsbruck in 1993, can be seen at the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum and the Archäologische Staatssammlung München. Drawings of the arrangement of the inscriptions in Vetter 1957: 386, Prosdocimi 1971: 30, Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 15 and Schumacher 2002: 1276 (= Schumacher 2004: Taf 8,1); photos of the wall in Sydow 1989: Abb. 6, Gleirscher 1991: Abb. 3 and Mandl 2011: Abb. 133.

Length about 72 cm, running horizontally at (today) about 1.5 m from the ground. Fairly well legible despite erosion. Our reading follows Schumacher 2004: 349 ff. and 351 ff. The inscription is heavily marred by surrounding recent graffiti. The top of the first letter is damaged. The sixth letter appears to have the shape , but the vertical scratch is less deep than the others – Schumacher assumes that it is a later addition belonging to a zig-zag line which extends from the letter downwards. The following is also marred by the addition of recent lines, the is damaged by a lacuna disrupting the upper bar. No traces of characters can be detected before the first or after the last letter.

The sequence can be segmented into a typical two-part Raetic name in the pertinentive case, with the peculiarity of an individual name featuring the allomorph -le (more usually -si). For the separation of the suffixes with a punctuation mark compare ST-5 and ST-6.

Further references: Mayr 1958b, Mayr 1960: 309 f., Pisani 1964: 137 bis, Prosdocimi 1971: 36, 45 incl. Joppich 1971: 42, Schürr 1975: 606, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 232, Sydow 1989: 70 ff., Schürr 2001: 216 f., Schumacher 2002: 1276 ff., Zavaroni 2004: 53 ff.

Bibliography

Gleirscher 1991	Paul Gleirscher, Die Räter, Chur: Rätisches Museum 1991.
IR	Alberto Mancini, "Iscrizioni retiche", Studi Etruschi 43 (1975), 249–306.
Joppich 1971	Julius Joppich, "Anhang. Tonabdruck und Korrektur zur Lesung der Felsinschriften nach Emil Vetter", in: Wolfgang Meid, Hermann M. Ölberg, Hans Schmeja (Eds), Studien zur Namenkunde und Sprachgeographie. Festschrift für Karl Finsterwalder zum 70. Geburtstag [= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft 16], Innsbruck: 1971, 41–44.
LIR	Alberto Mancini, Le Iscrizioni Retiche [= Quaderni del dipartimento di linguistica, Università degli studi di Firenze Studi 8–9], Padova: Unipress 2009–10. (2 volumes)
Mandl 2011	Franz Mandl, Felsbilder. Österreich – Bayern: Nördliche Kalkalpen [= Anisa – Verein für alpine Forschung 4], Haus im Ennstal: 2011.
Mayr 1958b	Karl M. Mayr, "-", review of: Emil Vetter, "Die vorrömischen Felsinschriften von Steinberg in Nordtirol", Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jg. 1957, Nr. 24 (1957), 384–398, Der Schlern 32 (1958), 303–304.