ST-4

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Inscription
Transliteration:	ạzileθ̣aθiṿ.nuale
Original script:
Object:	ST rock (stone) (Inscriptions: ST-1, ST-2, ST-3, ST-4, ST-5, ST-6, ST-7, ST-8, ST-9)
Position:	lower area"lower area" is not in the list (front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, neck, shoulder, foot, handle, ...) of allowed values for the "position" property.
Orientation:	0°
Script:	North Italic script (Alphabet of Steinberg"Alphabet of Steinberg" is not in the list (Venetic alphabet, Magrè alphabet, Sanzeno alphabet, Lugano alphabet, ?) of allowed values for the "alphabet" property.)
Direction of writing:	sinistroverse
Letter height:	99 cm <br /> – 11 cm
Number of letters:	15
Number of characters:	16
Number of lines:	1
Craftsmanship:	engraved
Current condition:	damaged
Date of inscription:
Date derived from:
Language:	Raetic
Meaning:	'of/by Azile Θaθivnu'
Alternative sigla:	IR 109 LIR STN-4
Sources:	Schumacher 2004: 192, 225 f., 342 ff.

Images

Inscriptions ST-4, ST-9.

Commentary

First published in Vetter 1957.

Pictures in Vetter 1957: Taf. VI (photo = Mayr 1960: Abb. 2), Prosdocimi 1971: 36 (drawing = Schumacher 1992: Taf. 8,3), Joppich 1971: 42 (drawing), Gleirscher 1991: Abb. 3 (photo), Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 4 and 5 (photos/drawing), Schumacher 2004: Taf. 19 (drawing) and Mandl 2011: Abb. 133 (photo). Numerous casts have been made of the Steinberg inscriptions; the most recent one, made by the Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Innsbruck in 1995, can be seen at the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum.

Length about 72 cm, running horizontally in the lower part of the area bearing petroglyphs. Fairly well legible despite erosion. Our reading follows Schumacher 2004: 349 ff. and 351 ff. The inscription is heavily marred by surrounding recent graffiti. The top of the first letter is damaged. The sixth letter appears to have the shape , but the vertical scratch is less deep than the others – Schumacher assumes that it is a later addition belonging to a zig-zag line which extends from the letter downwards. The following is also marred by the addition of recent lines, the is damaged by a lacuna disrupting the upper bar. No traces of characters can be detected before the first or after the last letter.

The sequence can be segmented into a typical two-part Raetic name in the pertinentive case, with the peculiarity of an individual name featuring the allomorph -le (more usually -si). For the separation of the suffixes with a punctuation mark compare ST-5 and ST-6.

Further references: Mayr 1958b, Mayr 1960: 309 f., Pisani 1964: 137 bis, Prosdocimi 1971: 36, 45 incl. Joppich 1971: 42, Schürr 1975: 606, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 232, Sydow 1989: 68 ff., Schürr 2001: 216 f., Zavaroni 2004: 53 ff.

Bibliography

Gleirscher 1991	Paul Gleirscher, Die Räter, Chur: Rätisches Museum 1991.
IR	Alberto Mancini, "Iscrizioni retiche", Studi Etruschi 43 (1975), 249–306.
Joppich 1971	Julius Joppich, "Anhang. Tonabdruck und Korrektur zur Lesung der Felsinschriften nach Emil Vetter", in: Wolfgang Meid, Hermann M. Ölberg, Hans Schmeja (Eds), Studien zur Namenkunde und Sprachgeographie. Festschrift für Karl Finsterwalder zum 70. Geburtstag [= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft 16], Innsbruck: 1971, 41–44.
LIR	Alberto Mancini, Le Iscrizioni Retiche [= Quaderni del dipartimento di linguistica, Università degli studi di Firenze Studi 8–9], Padova: Unipress 2009–10. (2 volumes)
Mandl 2011	Franz Mandl, Felsbilder. Österreich – Bayern: Nördliche Kalkalpen [= Anisa – Verein für alpine Forschung 4], Haus im Ennstal: 2011.
Mayr 1958b	Karl M. Mayr, "-", review of: Emil Vetter, "Die vorrömischen Felsinschriften von Steinberg in Nordtirol", Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jg. 1957, Nr. 24 (1957), 384–398, Der Schlern 32 (1958), 303–304.