SL-2.2: Difference between revisions
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|date=450–100 BC | |date=450–100 BC | ||
|date_derivation=typology | |||
|sigla_pid=1* bis (a) | |sigla_pid=1* bis (a) | ||
|source=Schumacher 2004: 330 | |source=Schumacher 2004: 330 |
Revision as of 21:30, 14 February 2014
Inscription | |
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Transliteration: | : ar?(?)eisṿ? |
Original script: | ?![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Variant Reading: | :ịarṣ́eisṿ? ? ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| |
Object: | SL-2 helmet (bronze) (Inscriptions: SL-2.1, SL-2.2, SL-2.4) |
Position: | front, lower area"lower area" is not in the list (front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, neck, shoulder, foot, handle, ...) of allowed values for the "position" property., outside |
Script: | North Italic script |
Direction of writing: | sinistroverse |
Letter height: | 1.11.1 cm <br /> – 2.0 cm |
Number of letters: | 7 – 10 |
Number of characters: | 8 – 12 |
Number of lines: | 1 |
Craftsmanship: | engraved |
Current condition: | complete |
Date of inscription: | 450–100 BC |
Date derived from: | typology |
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Language: | unknown |
Meaning: | |
| |
Alternative sigla: | PID 1* bis (a) |
Sources: | Schumacher 2004: 330 |
Images
Commentary
First published in Mommsen 1853: 208, no. 12.
Further references: Von Hormayr 1823 I.2: 143, Anm. 23, Giovanelli 1845: 43 ff., Von Sacken & Kenner 1866: 292, no. 1089, CII: no. 59, Corssen 1874: 949 (note), Pichler 1880: 43 f., AIF I: 36, no. 99a, Marstrander 1925: passim, Marstrander 1927: 5 f. (A 2), Kretschmer 1943: 187, Egg 1986: 227 (Nr. 324), Nedoma 1995: 19 f. (Ib), Markey 2001: 112 f., Urban & Nedoma 2002: 57.
Pictures in Von Hormayr 1823: Nr. 2 (drawing), Giovanelli 1845: tav. II (drawing = Giovanelli 1876: Taf. II, No.1), Mommsen 1853: Taf. I, 12B (drawing; see Mommsen 1853: 208 f.) (= CII: Tav. VI, b = AIF I: Taf VI, 99 A = Marstrander 1925: 38), Sulzer 1855: Taf. VII, Von Sacken & Kenner 1866: Taf. Nr. 3 (drawing), Pichler 1880: [?] (= AIF I: Taf. VI, 99 B), Marstrander 1927: 5, Fig. 2 (drawing) and Pl. I (photo), Reinecke 1942: 133, a (drawing = Markey 2001: 105, Fig. 6) and Taf. 11a and b (photos), Egg 1986: 226, Abb. 183 (drawing) (= Schumacher 2004: Taf. 16, 2) and Nedoma 1995: Abb. 3–5 (photos).
Written on the chamfer. A white inlay was added sometime before 1927, possibly for photos made for Marstrander 1927, but must have been cleaned away since. Remains can still be seen in some of the deeper scratches.
The inscription immediately follows SL-2.1, being separated from it by a punctuation mark consisting of four small dots (the lowermost executed twice) distinctly unlike the separator in SL-2.1. The two inscriptions were dissociated by Marstrander (see SL-2.1), who argued that the intermediate separator must have been added by the writer of the second inscription (p. 4). SL-2.2 runs leftwards right up to the last sign of the embossed and upside-down SL-2.3.
The inscription begins with a single repeatedly scratched and somewhat crooked hasta, conveying the impression of being jammed in between the separator and . While the distance between the stroke and the right hasta of
is rather big and the sequence may be read ia, it is more likely that the two strokes together constitute the hasta – the other hasta of
is scratched twice as well.
engraved – with some effort – with a curve is followed by a problematic group of strokes. The most likely segmentation graphically would be
, yielding a sequence arlþ. The fact that the twig of supposed
is prolonged at an angle suggests that this was done after the right twig of supposed
was seen to merge with it. A reading
(Marstrander 1927: 5 f.) is therefore unlikely, although his suggestion of
corrected to
is interesting, because it explains the questionable twig to the left of the second hasta. If part of a letter
, it may be crooked because the writer's tool was led along the hasta for a few millimetres.
and
, though not too neat, are fairly well legible. The following
is confined on top by a patch of corrosion, but no additional twig (yielding
) can be made out. The inscription is concluded by two crooked strokes, which have been read
i (Mommsen, Pauli, Kretschmer, Markey; scratched twice like some of the hastae before it),
u (Egg; very unlikely in the context of the other inscriptions on helmet A), or been interpreted as a demarcation sign added to separate the inscription from SL-2.3 (Marstrander 1927: 6). The twig branching away from the left stroke, mentioned and dismissed by Marstrander, is clearly unintentional.
Marstrander's interpretation of the last character implies that SL-2.3 is older than SL-2.2. For the dating of the inscriptions on SL-2 helmet see Nedoma 1995: 16–18 and 20–22. Depending on which type(s) of inscriptions we are faced with, they may have been applied any time after the manufacture of the helmet in the second half of the 5th century by its owners, or as votive inscriptions on the occasion of the deposit around 100 BC.
Epigraphically, the inscription is likely to be Raetic ( – also found in Venetic inscriptions of the Isonzo-area),
, and possibly
with the same shape as in SL-2.1).
Markey 2001 reads iarśeisvi = *Iarśe eisvi 'Iarsus (who performs the) sacred ceremony/offering'.
Bibliography
AIF I | Carl Pauli, Altitalische Forschungen. Band 1: Die Inschriften nordetruskischen Alphabets, Leipzig: 1885. |
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CII | Ariodante Fabretti, Corpus inscriptionum italicarum, Torino: 1867. (2 volumes) |
Corssen 1874 | Wilhelm Paul Corssen, Ueber die Sprache der Etrusker. Band 1, Leipzig: 1874. |
Egg 1986 | Markus Egg, Italische Helme. Studien zu den ältereisenzeitlichen Helmen Italiens und der Alpen. Teil 1: Text, Teil 2: Tafeln, Mainz: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum 1986. |
Giovanelli 1845 | Benedetto Giovanelli, Le antichità rezio-etrusche scoperte presso Matrai nel Maggio 1845, Trento: Monauni 1845. |
Giovanelli 1876 | Benedetto Giovanelli, "Die Rhätisch-Etruskischen Alterthümer entdeckt bei Matrei im Mai 1845", Zeitschrift des Ferdinandeums für Tirol und Vorarlberg 3/20 (1876), 45–99. |
Hormayr 1823 | Joseph Freiherr von Hormayr, Wien, seine Geschicke und seine Denkwürdigkeiten, Wien: Franz Härter 1823. |
Kretschmer 1943 | Paul Kretschmer, "Die vorgriechischen Sprach- und Volksschichten (Fortsetzung)", Glotta 30 (1943), 84–218. |
Markey 2001 | Tom Markey, "A tale of two helmets: The Negau A and B inscriptions", The Journal of Indo-European Studies 29 (2001), 69–172. |
Marstrander 1925 | Carl Johan Sverdrup Marstrander, "Les inscriptions des casques de Negau, Styrie", Symbolae Osloensis 3 (1925), 37–64. |
Marstrander 1927 | Carl Johan Sverdrup Marstrander, "Remarques sur les inscriptions des casques en bronze de Negau et de Watsch", Avhandlinger utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Hist.-filos. klasse 1926/2 (1927), 1–26. |