Property:alphabet

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|description=Defines the regional variant of the writing system of the inscription, in particular of the North Italic script.
|description=Defines the regional variant of the writing system of the inscription, in particular of the North Italic script.
|type=String
|type=String
|allows value=Este alphabet, Padua alphabet, Magrè alphabet, Sanzeno alphabet, Lugano alphabet, ?
|allows value=Venetic alphabet, Magrè alphabet, Sanzeno alphabet, Lugano alphabet, ?
|note=See [[Property:script]] for definitions and [[Script]] for further information.
}}
}}
== Definition ==
See [[index::Property:script]] for preliminaries, and [[index::Script]] for further information.
''Venetic alphabet''<br>
Used as a cover term for the various Venetic alphabets (e.g. Archaic Venetic, Este alphabet, Padua alphabet), which differ from each other most clearly by their use of different letters for writing dentals. As a group, the Venetic alphabets are distinguished by "inverted" Upsilon {{c||U}} and Lambda {{c||L}}, a unique form of Heta {{c||H4}}, and syllabic punctuation, though exceptions can be found throughout the Venetic realm. Alpha often appears as {{c||addA1}}. As in early Etruscan, the digraph <vh> is used to write /f/ (apparently absent in Raetic). Further differences to the Raetic alphabets (Sanzeno and Magrè) as a whole are Mu {{c||addM1}} with four bars and the presence of Omikron. Looking at individual Venetic alphabets, the use of Zeta {{c||Z}} for /d/ (Este alphabet) or of Theta {{c||addΘ3}} for /t/ (Padova alphabet) can be considered typical.
''Magrè alphabet''<br>
Named after the site of [[index::Magrè]] in the South of the Raetic realm, where the first substantial Raetic inscription find was made. It is prevalent in the South and the North of the Raetic realm, more precisely in the valleys of the Alpine foothills connecting the area of [[index::Trento]] with the Padan plain, and in the Wipp, Puster and Inn valleys of North Tyrol, as well as in the rock inscriptions. The Magrè alphabet is close to the Venetic alphabets, featuring the "inverted" forms of Upsilon {{c||U}} and Lambda {{c||L}} typical for Venetic. Syllabic punctuation is only used erratically. The characteristics distinguishing it from the Venetic group are {{c||M}} with only three bars, and the lack of Omikron. Typical, but not exclusive are two characteristics pertaining to writing direction: Sigma with the upper angle opening against writing direction (←{{c||S}}), and Alpha with the bar slanting upward in writing direction (←{{c||A}}). The special character {{c||Þ}} appears only in Magrè itself, and is not an identifying feature for the alphabet as a whole.
''Sanzeno alphabet''<br>
Formerly termed "Bolzano alphabet" after some early finds from the area; [[index::Sanzeno]] has replaced Bozen as the eponymous site after the discovery of the sanctuary with its numerous votive inscriptions. The variety is used in the central area of the Raetic realm, i.e. roughly the Nonsberg, the upper Etsch valley (including the Unterland and the Vinschgau) and the Eisack valley. It shares with the Magrè alphabet the characteristics consequently considered typically Raetic: lack of Omikron, three-bar {{c||M}} and orientation of ←{{c||A}} and ←{{c||S}} (here exclusive). Syllabic punctuation (or vestiges of it) are absent. The main difference consists in the shapes of Upsilon, Lambda and Pi: Upsilon and Lambda appearing as {{c||U2}} and {{c||L2}} corresponds to the Etruscan and Lugano alphabets, but Pi, with a simple bar instead of an angle, is turned against writing direction (←{{c||P2}}). The special character has the form {{c||Þ3}}.
''Lugano alphabet''<br>
Epigraphically, virtually indistinguishable from Etruscan, save by particular shapes of San and presence of Omikron. Pi always appears as {{c||P2|d}}, never with an angle; {{c||A3|d}} develops into {{c||addA3}}.
Note that the question mark in brackets does not express incertitude concerning the alphabet, but qualifies the reliability of ascription to the script.
== Map ==
Distribution of North Italic [[:Category:Inscription|inscriptions]] per alphabet:
{{#compound_query:
[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Este alphabet]];?coordinate;?text_plain=Inscription;?script=script;icon=Marker_210.png;limit=1000
|[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Padua alphabet]];?coordinate;?text_plain=Inscription;?script=script;icon=Marker_80FFFF.png;limit=1000
|[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Magrè alphabet]];?coordinate;?text_plain=Inscription;?script=script;icon=Marker_008000.png;limit=1000
|[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Sanzeno alphabet]];?coordinate;?text_plain=Inscription;?script=script;icon=Marker_80C000.png;limit=1000
|[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Lugano alphabet]];?coordinate;?text_plain=Inscription;?script=script;icon=Marker_030.png;limit=1000
|format=googlemaps|autozoom=off|zoom=7
|width=100%
|height={{var|image_height}}
|types=physical,satellite,hybrid,normal|type=physical
}}
[[File:Marker_210.png|baseline]] Este alphabet ({{#ask:[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Este alphabet]][[coordinate::+]]|format=count}});[[File:Marker_80FFFF.png|baseline]] Padua alphabet ({{#ask:[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Padua alphabet]][[coordinate::+]]|format=count}});
[[File:Marker_008000.png|baseline]] Magrè alphabet ({{#ask:[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Magrè alphabet]][[coordinate::+]]|format=count}});
[[File:Marker_80C000.png|baseline]] Sanzeno alphabet ({{#ask:[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Sanzeno alphabet]][[coordinate::+]]|format=count}});
[[File:Marker_030.png|baseline]] Lugano alphabet ({{#ask:[[Category:Inscription]][[alphabet::Lugano alphabet]][[coordinate::+]]|format=count}});
== Statistics ==
== Statistics ==
{{property_statistics|Inscription}}
{{property_statistics|Inscription}}

Revision as of 16:32, 7 July 2015

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Property
Description: Defines the regional variant of the writing system of the inscription, in particular of the North Italic script.
Type: String
Allows value: Venetic alphabet, Magrè alphabet, Sanzeno alphabet, Lugano alphabet, ?

Definition

See Property:script for preliminaries, and Script for further information.

Venetic alphabet
Used as a cover term for the various Venetic alphabets (e.g. Archaic Venetic, Este alphabet, Padua alphabet), which differ from each other most clearly by their use of different letters for writing dentals. As a group, the Venetic alphabets are distinguished by "inverted" Upsilon U s and Lambda L s, a unique form of Heta H4 s, and syllabic punctuation, though exceptions can be found throughout the Venetic realm. Alpha often appears as addA1 s. As in early Etruscan, the digraph <vh> is used to write /f/ (apparently absent in Raetic). Further differences to the Raetic alphabets (Sanzeno and Magrè) as a whole are Mu addM1 s with four bars and the presence of Omikron. Looking at individual Venetic alphabets, the use of Zeta Z s for /d/ (Este alphabet) or of Theta addΘ3 s for /t/ (Padova alphabet) can be considered typical.

Magrè alphabet
Named after the site of Magrè in the South of the Raetic realm, where the first substantial Raetic inscription find was made. It is prevalent in the South and the North of the Raetic realm, more precisely in the valleys of the Alpine foothills connecting the area of Trento with the Padan plain, and in the Wipp, Puster and Inn valleys of North Tyrol, as well as in the rock inscriptions. The Magrè alphabet is close to the Venetic alphabets, featuring the "inverted" forms of Upsilon U s and Lambda L s typical for Venetic. Syllabic punctuation is only used erratically. The characteristics distinguishing it from the Venetic group are M s with only three bars, and the lack of Omikron. Typical, but not exclusive are two characteristics pertaining to writing direction: Sigma with the upper angle opening against writing direction (←S s), and Alpha with the bar slanting upward in writing direction (←A s). The special character Þ s appears only in Magrè itself, and is not an identifying feature for the alphabet as a whole.

Sanzeno alphabet
Formerly termed "Bolzano alphabet" after some early finds from the area; Sanzeno has replaced Bozen as the eponymous site after the discovery of the sanctuary with its numerous votive inscriptions. The variety is used in the central area of the Raetic realm, i.e. roughly the Nonsberg, the upper Etsch valley (including the Unterland and the Vinschgau) and the Eisack valley. It shares with the Magrè alphabet the characteristics consequently considered typically Raetic: lack of Omikron, three-bar M s and orientation of ←A s and ←S s (here exclusive). Syllabic punctuation (or vestiges of it) are absent. The main difference consists in the shapes of Upsilon, Lambda and Pi: Upsilon and Lambda appearing as U2 s and L2 s corresponds to the Etruscan and Lugano alphabets, but Pi, with a simple bar instead of an angle, is turned against writing direction (←P2 s). The special character has the form Þ3 s.

Lugano alphabet
Epigraphically, virtually indistinguishable from Etruscan, save by particular shapes of San and presence of Omikron. Pi always appears as P2 d, never with an angle; A3 d develops into addA3 s.


Note that the question mark in brackets does not express incertitude concerning the alphabet, but qualifies the reliability of ascription to the script.

Map

Distribution of North Italic inscriptions per alphabet:

Loading map...

Marker 210.png Este alphabet (0);Marker 80FFFF.png Padua alphabet (0); Marker 008000.png Magrè alphabet (68); Marker 80C000.png Sanzeno alphabet (56); Marker 030.png Lugano alphabet (0);

Statistics

Number of pages in the Category:Inscription (129) per "alphabet":

alphabet occurrence  
Venetic alphabet
0 0.00 % show list
Magrè alphabet
69 53.48 % show list
Sanzeno alphabet
60 46.51 % show list
Lugano alphabet
0 0.00 % show list
?
0 0.00 % show list
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{
    "type": "PROPERTY_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA",
    "constraints": {
        "type_constraint": "_txt",
        "allowed_values": [
            "Venetic alphabet",
            "Magrè alphabet",
            "Sanzeno alphabet",
            "Lugano alphabet",
            "?"
        ]
    }
}
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