ST-8

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Inscription
Transliteration: arisae·ki
Original script: A3 sR2 dI dS2 sA3 sE dpunctuation dK3 dI d

Object: ST rock (stone)
(Inscriptions: ST-1, ST-2, ST-3, ST-4, ST-5, ST-6, ST-7, ST-8, ST-9)
Position: left area"left area" is not in the list (front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, neck, shoulder, foot, handle, ...) of allowed values for the "position" property.
Orientation: 90°
Script: North Italic script
Direction of writing: dextroverse
Letter height: 33 cm <br /> – 7 cm
Number of letters: 8
Number of characters: 9
Number of lines: 1
Craftsmanship: engraved
Current condition: damaged
Date of inscription:
Date derived from:

Language: Raetic
Meaning: unknown

Alternative sigla: IR 113
LIR STN-8
Sources: Schumacher 2004: 193, 232, 355

Images

Commentary

First published in Mayr 1962c: 287.

Pictures in Mayr 1962c: 287 (drawing), 288 (photo), Joppich 1971: 43 (drawings), Schumacher 1998b: Abb. 1 (drawing = Schumacher 2004: Taf. 20) and Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 10 (photo/drawing). Numerous casts have been made of the Steinberg inscriptions; positives of the most recent one, made by the Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Innsbruck in 1993, can be seen at the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum and the Archäologische Staatssammlung München. Drawings of the arrangement of the inscriptions in Vetter 1957: 386, Prosdocimi 1971: 30, Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 15 and Schumacher 2002: 1276 (= Schumacher 2004: Taf 8,1); photos of the wall in Sydow 1989: Abb. 6, Gleirscher 1991: Abb. 3 and Mandl 2011: Abb. 133.

Length about 24 cm, running almost vertically upwards about halfway between ST-5 and ST-1. R2 d is disrupted by more recent M-shaped scratches; the other letters are well legible. Mayr's reading, based on a photograph by the finder Georg Innerebner, is negligible. Vetter 1957, who knew only inscriptions 1–7 and considered the central area of the wall most suitable for inscribing, speculated that a bronze plaque of votive character, similar to ones found in Venetic Làgole, had been affixed there. (See ST rock.) Prosdocimi, who had not noticed the inscription during his visit, was led to suggest that ST-8 in Joppich's reading isae.ki (p. 43) meant something along the lines of 'here the sacred image' (p. 46). The peculiar arrangement of inscriptions 1–6 may be due to a lack of easily inscribable weathering crust in the central area, which might also account for the comparatively small letters. (See Mandl 2011: 28, 48, 53 about the geological constraints in where to apply a petroglyph.)

No interpretation of the sequence suggests itself, but compare ·ki in VN-14 and Etruscan ki 'three' on the Feltre inscription. Schumacher 1998b: 172 prefers a separation between a and e, because the spelling ae is not documented anywhere else in Raetic, and in any case syllabic punctuation is more usual than word separation in Raetic inscriptions. (The punctuation marks in the other Steinberg inscripions, however, appear to separate suffixes.) The punctuation mark would then mark the anlauting vowel of eki in line with the Venetic punctuation system (cp. Ca 24 where only one mark is put behind the respective characters). A separation of e·ki in VN-14 would leave auslauting φ.

Further references: Pisani 1964: 324 (no. 137 bis), Prosdocimi 1971: 38, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 232, Sydow 1989: 70 ff., Schumacher 1998b: 170 ff., Schumacher 2002: 1276 ff., Zavaroni 2004: 59 f.

Bibliography

IR Alberto Mancini, "Iscrizioni retiche", Studi Etruschi 43 (1975), 249–306.
Joppich 1971 Julius Joppich, "Anhang. Tonabdruck und Korrektur zur Lesung der Felsinschriften nach Emil Vetter", in: Wolfgang Meid, Hermann M. Ölberg, Hans Schmeja (Eds), Studien zur Namenkunde und Sprachgeographie. Festschrift für Karl Finsterwalder zum 70. Geburtstag [= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft 16], Innsbruck: 1971, 41–44.
LIR Alberto Mancini, Le Iscrizioni Retiche [= Quaderni del dipartimento di linguistica, Università degli studi di Firenze Studi 8–9], Padova: Unipress 2009–10. (2 volumes)
Mandl 2011 Franz Mandl, Felsbilder. Österreich – Bayern: Nördliche Kalkalpen [= Anisa – Verein für alpine Forschung 4], Haus im Ennstal: 2011.