ST-1

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Inscription
Transliteration: kastriesieθunnuale
Original script: E sL sA19 sU5 sN sN sU2 sΘ sE sI sS sE sI sR2 sT sS sA20 sK s

Object: ST rock (stone)
(Inscriptions: ST-1, ST-2, ST-3, ST-4, ST-5, ST-6, ST-7, ST-8, ST-9)
Position: right-hand side"right-hand side" is not in the list (front, back, top, bottom, inside, outside, neck, shoulder, foot, handle, ...) of allowed values for the "position" property.
Orientation: 90°
Frame: Frame middle: bottomFrame middle: bottom   (none, bottom, none)
Script: North Italic script
Direction of writing: sinistroverse
Letter height: 77 cm <br /> – 8 cm
Number of letters: 18
Number of lines: 1
Craftsmanship: engraved
Current condition: damaged
Date of inscription:
Date derived from:

Language: Raetic
Meaning: 'of/by Kastrie Eθunnu'

Alternative sigla: IR 106
LIR STN-1
Sources: Schumacher 2004: 191, 222, 342 ff.

Images

Commentary

First published in Vetter 1957.

Pictures in Vetter 1957: Taf. VI (photos = Mayr 1960: Abb. 2 and 3), Prosdocimi 1971: 35 (drawing = Schumacher 1992: Taf. 8,2), Joppich 1971: 41 (drawing), Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 1 (drawing), Schumacher 2004: Taf. 18 (drawing) and Mandl 2011: Abb. 1, 130, 131 (photos). Numerous casts have been made of the Steinberg inscriptions; positives of the most recent one, made by the Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Innsbruck in 1993, can be seen at the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum and the Archäologische Staatssammlung München. Drawings of the arrangement of the inscriptions in Vetter 1957: 386, Prosdocimi 1971: 30, Zavaroni 2004: Fig. 15 and Schumacher 2002: 1276 (= Schumacher 2004: Taf 8,1); photos of the wall in Gleirscher 1991: Abb. 3 and Mandl 2011: Abb. 133.

Length about 80 cm, running towards the ground; today the end is about 1.5 m from the ground. Situated on the right-hand side just behind the entrance to the crevice, the leftmost of a group of three; fairly well legible despite erosion. The impression of a line framing the inscription on the left side is due to some scratches belonging to more recent graffiti; the frame line on the right side belongs to ST-2. Our reading follows Schumacher 2004: 344 f. and 351 ff. The first A20 s and U2 s are inverted in opposition to the rest of this inscription and the associated inscriptions ST-2 and ST-3. The reading of the sequence after U2 s is impeded by a petrograph in the shape of a multiple cross: The two vertical lines following the two N ss belong to this group and are not part of the inscription. The final T s seen by Vetter (p. 388) could not be confirmed by Schumacher, who thinks that Vetter fancied seeing the letter because it also appears at the end of ST-2.

The sequence can be segmented into a typical two-part Raetic name in the pertinentive case. Note the unusual graphic geminata nn. Although the inscription seems to be written in a different hand, it belongs with the two inscriptions ST-2 and ST-3 which are written to its immediate right – either Kastrie was travelling or out working with two sons, or his sons added their names to that of their father at a later date. The former theory could explain the change of ductus in ST-1, if Kastrie started writing, but then decided to let one of his offspring finish, who carved the last letters including U5 s and A19 s in the style of ST-2 and ST-3. The latter theory is supported by the fact that ST-1 is more weathered than the other inscriptions and lacks a frame; also mark that the others may have been longer.

Further references: Mayr 1958b, Mayr 1960: 309 f., Pisani 1964: 137 bis, Prosdocimi 1971: 35, 45 incl. Joppich 1971: 41, Schürr 1975: 606, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 232, Sydow 1989: 70 ff., Schürr 2001: 215 f., Schumacher 2002: 1276 ff., Zavaroni 2004: 50 ff.

Bibliography

Gleirscher 1991 Paul Gleirscher, Die Räter, Chur: Rätisches Museum 1991.
IR Alberto Mancini, "Iscrizioni retiche", Studi Etruschi 43 (1975), 249–306.
Joppich 1971 Julius Joppich, "Anhang. Tonabdruck und Korrektur zur Lesung der Felsinschriften nach Emil Vetter", in: Wolfgang Meid, Hermann M. Ölberg, Hans Schmeja (Eds), Studien zur Namenkunde und Sprachgeographie. Festschrift für Karl Finsterwalder zum 70. Geburtstag [= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft 16], Innsbruck: 1971, 41–44.
LIR Alberto Mancini, Le Iscrizioni Retiche [= Quaderni del dipartimento di linguistica, Università degli studi di Firenze Studi 8–9], Padova: Unipress 2009–10. (2 volumes)
Mandl 2011 Franz Mandl, Felsbilder. Österreich – Bayern: Nördliche Kalkalpen [= Anisa – Verein für alpine Forschung 4], Haus im Ennstal: 2011.
Mayr 1958b Karl M. Mayr, "-", review of: Emil Vetter, "Die vorrömischen Felsinschriften von Steinberg in Nordtirol", Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jg. 1957, Nr. 24 (1957), 384–398, Der Schlern 32 (1958), 303–304.